Health and disease in the prehistoric Pacific Islands / Hallie R. Buckley

Object Details

Contents

1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1. INFECTIOUS DISEASE AND THE PREHISTORIC SETTLEMENT OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS -- 1.1.1. Settlement of Near Oceania -- 1.1.2. Malaria and settlement of the Pacific Islands -- 1.1.3. Settlement of Remote Oceania -- 1.2. Research Aims and Objectives -- 1.3. Theoretical Concepts in Skeletal Biology -- 1.3.1. Disease -- 1.3.2. Stress -- 1.3.3. Adaptation -- 1.3.4. Environment -- 1.4. Palaeopathology and Differential Diagnosis -- 1.5. Is There an 'Osteological Paradox'? -- 1.6. Limitations of the Study of Skeletal Samples -- 1.7. Thesis Structure -- 2. THE PACIFC CONTEXT, INFECTIOUS DISEASE AND THE SKELETAL SAMPLES -- 2.1. The Island Environment -- 2.1.1. Pacific Island subsistence strategies -- 2.1.2. Polynesia: Tongan subsistence -- 2.2. Infectious Diseases of the Pacific Islands -- 2.2.1. Epidemiological and pathological concepts -- 2.2.2. Non-specific infections which cause bone changes -- 2.2.3. Distinctive characteristics of osteomyelitis -- 2.2.4. Treponemal disease -- 2.2.5. The pathogenesis of yaws and syphilis -- 2.2.6. An alternative explanation for the distribution of bone lesions in treponemal disease -- 2.2.7. Distinctive lesions of treponemal disease which aid in differential diagnosis -- 2.2.8. Mycobacteria -- 2.2.9. Distinctive lesionsof leprosy which may aid in differential diagnosis -- 2.2.10. Diseases which may cause erosive arthropathy of appendicular joints -- 2.3. The Skeletal Samples -- 2.3.1. Taumako -- 2.3.2 . Tongatapu -- 2.3.3. The context of the 'Atele mounds in Tongan prehistory -- 2.3.4. Previous work on the 'Atele samples -- 2.4. Conclusions -- 3. CENSUS OF SAMPLES AND MORTALITY PATTERNS -- 3.1. Normal Bone Anatomy, Growth and Remodelling Health and Disease in the Prehistoric Pacific Islands -- 3.2. Age Estimation -- 3.2.1. Subadult age estimation -- 3.2.2. Adult age estimation -- 3.3. Methods -- 3.3.1. Subadult age estimation -- 3.3.2. Adult age estimation -- 3.4. Sex Estimation -- 3.4.1. Theory -- 3.4.2. Methods -- 3.4.3. Statistics -- 3.5. Results -- 3.5.1. Age at death and sex estimation -- 3.5.2. Tonga -- 3.5.3. Fertility -- 3.5.4. Comparison of age at death and sex distribution between Taumako and Tonga -- 3.5.5. Subadults -- 3.5.6. Adults -- 3.6. Census Discussion -- 3.6.1. Adult mortality -- 3.7. Conclusions -- 4. GROWTH DISTURBANCE -- 4.1. Measures of Growth in Skeletal Samples -- 4.1.1. Child growth -- 4.1.2. Adult stature -- 4.2. Adult Stature -- 4.3. Stature Results -- 4.3.1. Comparison with adult stature of other prehistoric Polynesian samples -- 4.4. Dental Developmental Defects -- 4.4.1. Methodological issues -- 4.4.2. Dental defects and weaning -- 4.4.3. Dental developmental defects in deciduous teeth -- 4.5. Dental Defects Methods -- 4.5.1. Deciduous teeth -- 4.5.2. Permanent teeth -- 4.5.3. Age at occurrence of LEH -- 4.6 . Results -- 4.6.1. Taumako -- 4.6.2. Age at occurrence of linear enamel hypoplasia: Taumako -- 4.6.3 . Results Tonga -- 4.6.4. Results summary -- 4.6.5. Dental defects -- 4.6.6. Prenatal stress -- 4.6.7. Childhood stress -- 4.7 . Conclusions -- 5. MALARIA, ANAEMIA AND POROTIC HYPEROSTOSIS: A PACIFIC ISLAND PERSPECTIVE -- 5.1. Malaria -- 5.1.1. Evolutionary origins of human malaria -- 5.1.2 . Malaria in the Pacific: When did it arrive? -- 5.1.3. Epidemiology and disease -- 5.1.4. Pregnancy and foetal malaria -- 5.1.5. Infants and children -- 5.1.6. Malaria in the Pacific Islands -- 5.1.7. Epidemiology of malaria in the Pacific Islands -- 5.1.8. Thalassaemia, malaria, and the Pacific -- 5.1.9. ‡ a-thalassaemia -- 5.1.10. Hookworm -- 5.1.11. Iron deficiency anaemia -- 5.1.12. The aetiology and epidemiology of iron-deficiency anaemia -- 5.1.13. The dietary model -- 5.1.14. Is iron-deficiency anaemia a disorder or a defence? -- 5.1.15. The 'parasite model': a newperspective: Stuart-Macadam, 1992 -- 5.2. The Aetiology of Iron-deficiency Anaemia in the Pacific Islands -- 5.3. Expected Skeletal Changes in Anaemia -- 5.3.1. The pathogenesis of skeletal changes in anaemia -- 5.3.2. Porotic hyperostosis -- 5.3.3. Growth disturbances in thalassaemia -- 5.3.4. Fractures and joint abnormalities -- 5.3.5. The palaeopathology of thalassaemia -- 5.3.6. Differential diagnosis of genetic and iron-deficiency anaemia -- 5.3.7. Metabolic diseases other than iron-deficiency anaemia that may produce skeletal changes in the crania -- 5.3.8. Methods of recording skeletal lesions associated with anaemia -- 5.4. Results: Porotic Hyperostosis and Cribra Orbitalia -- 5.4.1. Taumako -- 5.4.2. Tonga -- 5.5. Results Summary -- 5.5.1. Taumako -- 5.5.2. Tonga -- 5.5.3. Comparison of cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis between Taumako and Tonga -- 5.6. Conclusions -- 6. NON-MALARIAL INFECTIOUS DISEASE -- 6.1 Methods: Skeletal Pathology -- 6.1.1. Methods of determining the proportion of individuals with pathology -- 6.1.2. Methods for recording skeletallesions -- 6.1.3. Pattern of individual skeletal involvement -- 6.1.4. Status and severity of individual postcranial lesions -- 6.1.5. Individual cranial pathology -- 6.1.6. Methods for analysis of skeletal lesions with the skeletal element as the denominator -- 6.1.7. Methods for consideration of individuals with resorptive lesions of the appendicular joints and lesions of the vertebral column -- 6.1.8. Methods for analysis of vertebral lesions -- 6.2. Results: Taumako Skeletal Pathology -- 6.2.1. Individual analysis -- 6.2.2. Cranial pathology -- 6.2.3. Type of cranial pathology -- 6.2.4. Postcranial pathology -- 6.2.5. Pattern of skeletal involvement -- 6.2.6. Status and severity of lesions -- 6.3. Skeletal element analysis: Tsumsko -- 6.3.1. Canial pathology -- 6.3.2. Post cranial pathology -- 6.3.3. Lytic vertebral and extravertebral lesion: Taumako -- 6.4. Results:Tonga skeletal pathology -- 6.4.1. Sampling issues in the Tongan sample -- 6.4.2. Individual analysis -- 6.4.3. Skeletal element analysis -- 6.4.4. Cranial pathology -- 6.4.5. Postcranial pathology -- 6.4.6. Resorptive lesions -- 6.5. Results summary -- 6.5.1. Taumako:Proliferative skeletal lesions -- 6.5.2. Tonga -- 6.5.3. Comparison of skeletal pathology between Taumako and Tonga -- 6.6. Conclusions -- 7. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS -- 7.1. Results summary -- 7.1.1 Taumako compared with Tonga -- 7.2. population level indicators of stress and disease -- 7.2.1. Taumako -- 7.2.2. Tonga -- 7.2.3. Comparison between Taumako and Tonga -- 7.3. Individual level indicators -- 7.3.1. Taumako -- 7.3.2. Tonga -- 7.4. Nutrition and growth -- 7.4.2. Diet and nutrition -- 7.4.2. Nutrition and infection -- 7.5. Anaemia -- 7.5.1. Weaning and iron -- 7.5.2. Infection and anaemia -- 7.6. Differential diagnosis of skeletal lesions -- 7.6.1. Taumako skeletal lesions -- 7.6.2. Tongan skeletal lesions -- 7.6.3. Comparison of skeletal pathology between Taumako and Tonga -- 7.7. Differential diagnosis of resorptive lesion from Taumako and Tonga -- 7.7.1. Vertebral lytic lesions -- 7.8. Summary -- 7.9. Conclusions -- 7.9.1. Research aim 1: were the mortality rates different between Taumako and Tonga? -- 7.9.2. Research aim 2: Could the skeletal and dental growth of the Taumako people have been adversely affected by malaria? -- 7.9.3. Research aim 3: Was the skeletal expression of infectious disease and anaemia exacerbated by the presence of malaria at Taumako?

Data Source

Smithsonian Libraries

Date

2016

author

Buckley, Hallie

Type

Books

Physical description

xix, 233 pages : illustrations (some color), maps ; 30 cm

Place

Islands of the Pacific

Pacific Area

Topic

Paleopathology

Excavations (Archaeology)

Pacific Islanders--Diseases

Pacific Islanders--Health and hygiene

Pacific Islanders--Anthropometry

Malaria

Antiquities

Record ID

siris_sil_1081325

Usage

CC0